donderdag 14 maart 2024

How the Guardian’s Editor-in-Chief Caved to Pro-Israel Pressure

 



Guardian’s Editor-in-Chief caves to pro-Israel pressure

JVL Introduction

In a brilliant piece of investigative journalism, Novara Media reporter Rivkah Brown reports on why the Guardian has positioned itself ever-so cautiously in its coverage of the war on Gaza.

The Editor-in-Chief, Kath Viner, has a decisive influence on the overall balance of the Guardian’s’ reporting and, argues Brown, is overly influenced by the paper’s pro-Israel detractors.

While Viner’s predecessor Alan Rushbridger’s attitude to them was distanced scepticism, “Viner’s, say colleagues, is ingratiating… The result… is a reactive commissioning strategy focused on appeasement.”

Since October 7th Viner has increased her supervisory role, with every opinion piece about Israel and Palestine going to her for sign-off. The result is that the Guardian’s comment pages “have come to reflect its editor’s susceptibility to criticism”.

Brown shows in some detail how this has worked out in practice.

A must-read article.

RK

This article was originally published by Novara Media on Tue 12 Mar 2024. Read the original here.

How the Guardian’s Editor-in-Chief Caved to Pro-Israel Pressure

‘Kath takes the Board of Deputies very seriously.’

On 8 November, the Guardian held its daily editorial conference at its offices in King’s Cross, north London. The 10am conference is intended as a forum to discuss current events and internal paper dynamics in a more discursive way than in the 9am morning meeting, in which heads of section run through the day’s publishing schedule. While all staff can attend, speakers tend to be more senior or ambitious journalists.

The meeting had only recently been phased back in, having moved online then stopped altogether during the pandemic. Some blamed practicality; others, editor-in-chief Katharine Viner’s well-known conflict aversion. Longtime staffers say that under previous editors, conference was free-flowing and fractious; disagreement was welcomed, even encouraged. When it migrated online, it was given pre-set themes, placing guardrails on the discussion that have been maintained since the meetings resumed in person. The conference on 8 November was something of a throwback.

In it, several staffers recall Joseph Harker – founder of the weekly newspaper Black Briton and one of the first Black journalists to be hired by the Guardian, now its senior editor of diversity and development – sharing his understanding of the situation in Israel and Palestine. People of colour, Harker told a roomful of mostly white faces, were paying close attention to how the media was covering the events following 7 October, and to who was lining up behind whom.

There were multiple levels on which the latest conflagration could be understood, said Harker. One was as the latest episode in a decades-long conflict between Israel and Palestine. Another was as part of a globalised system of racial supremacy – and the Guardian’s coverage of the war might give the impression that only white lives mattered. Another staff member, also not white, voiced their agreement. Jonathan Freedland spoke next.

Freedland is the Guardian’s resident liberal Zionist, occupying the rightmost pole of the paper’s regular commentary on Israel and the leftmost at his other journalistic home, the Jewish Chronicle. Freedland is arguably the Guardian’s most senior opinion journalist; one of former Guardian editor Alan Rusbridger’s favourite sons, Freedland was briefly tipped to succeed him. His response to Harker suggested he had oversimplified the racial dynamics at play. To describe Israeli Jews as “white” was inaccurate, Freedland said, since at least half of Israel’s Jewish population is Mizrachi (Middle Eastern and north African) or Ethiopian.

Silent throughout this tête-à-tête was the meeting’s chair and the paper’s editor-in-chief. It wasn’t unusual for editors to absent themselves from such debates; Rusbridger certainly had. To those familiar with Viner’s professional trajectory, however, it was hard to believe she didn’t have a view. “The Palestinians have always known that they are the racial underclass,” a 29-year-old Viner wrote in 2000 for the paper she would later run, “but the overwhelmingly unequal nature of the conflict is so often left out of the peace equation.”

Back then, Viner wasn’t just a twenty-something who’d read Frantz Fanon: Palestine was a cause close to her heart. According to the Press Gazette, as a young woman she’d spent so much of her holidays in “places like Lebanon, Syria, Israel and the West Bank” that her brother had dubbed her a “trauma tourist”.

In 2005, five years after her fiery Guardian op-ed, Viner – then editor of the Guardian’s Weekend magazine – was invited to write a play with the actor Alan Rickman based on the diaries of Rachel Corrie, a woman Viner described as a “devastatingly prescient” 23-year-old American peace activist crushed to death by an Israeli bulldozer in Gaza. My Name is Rachel Corrie received glowing reviews at the Royal Court, and was restaged at the Young Vic 12 years later. By this point, however, the playwright had outgrown her youthful zealotry.

For having started her career as an unflinching author-activist, someone who appeared to be centring her journalism on the Palestinian struggle, Viner has since ascended to one of the most powerful positions in global media. According to 13 current and former Guardian journalists who spoke to Novara Media, the ascent has changed her – and heavily inflected how a paper that sees itself as a beacon of British liberalism has covered “a textbook case of genocide”.

Vote Kath, Get Seumas.

When the contest to replace Rusbridger began in 2014, Viner emerged as the left candidate.

Rusbridger was widely seen as a journalist of the old-fashioned sort: driven more by a commitment to journalistic excellence than by anything as vulgar as political conviction. Among his would-be successors, Janine Gibson was perceived as more of the same, Ian Katz as marginally more rightwing.

Viner, by contrast, was more closely associated with the paper’s leftwing coterie alongside Gary Younge and (former opinion editor turned Corbyn spin doctor) Seumas Milne – though she was also something of an unknown quantity to many in the UK office, having spent the preceding two years in Sydney and New York.

While the Guardian’s editor-in-chief is technically chosen by the Scott Trust – the company that owns both the Guardian and the Observer – the selection process is strongly influenced by an all-staff plebiscite first introduced in 1995, which Rusbridger won. Many of Viner’s colleagues voted for her hoping she would return the Guardian to the progressive principles from which it had drifted under Rusbridger. “I voted for Kath, and I know other people voted for Kath, out of a sense that she would take the Guardian back to its kind of liberal left values,” said one longtime staffer.

Others used Viner’s perceived leftism to undermine her. One former staffer remembers a smear slogan doing the rounds: “Vote Kath, get Seumas.”

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The McCarthyite undercurrents within the editorial election campaign exacerbated Viner’s class anxieties. While also an Oxford alumna, Viner, the daughter of two teachers and head girl of her Yorkshire grammar school, lacked Rusbridger’s private-school aplomb. Rusbridger carried a vague air of entitlement; Viner, a nagging sense of unbelonging.

“I honestly thought journalism wasn’t for me,” Viner told the Press Gazette in 2005, “I thought it was for men in suits in London.” That belief appeared to follow her even as she broke the glass ceiling to become, in March 2015, the paper’s first woman editor-in-chief, with 53% of the first-choice votes.

In the fateful Labour leadership race that took place later that year, the paper backed Yvette Cooper, the shadow home secretary who had made a name for herself pushing tighter controls on immigration. Some situate the move – justified mainly on gender grounds – within a longstanding Guardian tradition of backing political duds (“Nick Clegg – the British Obama?” read one memorable headline published under Rusbridger).

To others, endorsing Cooper seemed Viner’s way of announcing she was not the leftist she was painted as. In the years following her appointment, the paper’s leftwing contingent continued to shrink, as its most influential members – including Viner’s former friends Milne and Younge – left, their relationships with Viner in tatters.

Meanwhile, Viner began paring back some of the riskier elements of the paper’s work, namely its reporting on the security services: a 2019 investigation by Declassified found that the Guardian published roughly 110 online articles a year about MI6 in the final two years of Rusbridger’s editorship; since Viner had taken over, the yearly average had halved and was continuing to decline.

It wasn’t wholly surprising that Viner lacked the stomach for this kind of journalism. Edward Snowden’s National Security Agency leaks hadn’t only won the Guardian Emmys and Pulitzers – it had also led GCHQ to order the destruction of a number of Guardian computers. Nevertheless, some felt Viner had overcorrected.

“Some … feel the company has become more risk averse [in the past year],” a “well-placed source” told the Press Gazette in May 2016, a year into Viner’s editorship.

If Viner’s inclination was towards caution in peacetime, it has become an article of faith since 7 October. The result, say staff, has been a series of kneejerk decisions, meticulous both-sidesism and increasingly unsubtle censorship, even as the situation in Gaza becomes increasingly clear-cut.

Placating the implacable.

“The Guardian has always been obsessed with the question of Israel-Palestine, carries a burden of guilt and responsibility for its part in its creation, and constantly seeks ways to get it right,” wrote Daphna Baram in her 2005 book Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel.

The young British-Israeli journalist had approached Rusbridger and Guardian Books with her book pitch at just the right time. The second intifada was in full swing and so was Israel’s hasbara operation. Until then mostly concentrated in the US, it was during this period that pro-Israel lobbying began to entrench itself in the UK, with new outfits like the British Israel Communication and Research Centre (Bicom) and HonestReporting pushing legacy organisations such as the Board of Deputies of British Jews to focus on defending Israel’s interests abroad.

Criticism of the Guardian was mounting from this increasingly vocal and well-organised pro-Israel right, which saw the paper as overly, even antisemitically, critical of the Jewish state. Baram’s conclusion was intended as the final word on the matter: not only was the paper not antisemitic, it wasn’t even anti-Zionist.

In fact, showed Baram, the paper had played a decisive role in Israel’s foundation: Guardian founder CP Scott had been the one in 1915 to introduce early Zionist Chaim Weizmann to prime minister Lloyd George, who in turn had suggested a meeting with Arthur Balfour.

Though the love affair may have waned after the six-day war in 1967, when Israel began illegally occupying the West Bank, the Guardian nevertheless “clung … to the doveish tendency of the Israeli Labour party and refused to let go, even years after that tendency had vanished”. If anything, Baram concluded, the paper’s “combination of almost colonial white-man’s-burden commitment and deep-rooted liberal values” made it too soft on Israel.

Israel and Palestine “has always been … the quintessential issue where outside groups are hysterically policing what’s in the paper,” one senior Guardian staffer told Novara Media. Those who worked under Rusbridger recall a disproportionate amount of time being spent on the issue: in 2009, commissioning editor Brian Whitaker told journalist David Cronin that the paper’s comment section received more submissions about Palestine than on any other subject. Staff also recall that the paper expended a huge amount of energy firefighting criticism of its Israel and Palestine coverage: Milne was known to keep a tally of pro-Israel and pro-Palestine op-eds on his desk to demonstrate, if questioned, his unimpeachable fairness.

Central to Rusbridger’s editorial vision, journalists who worked for him say, was a commitment to pushing the boundaries of acceptable discourse on Israel and Palestine, in both directions. Rusbridger published pieces by far-right Israeli settlers, others with headlines such as “Israel simply has no right to exist” – both unthinkable under Viner. In 2002, the Guardian published an English translation of al-Qaeda founder Osama bin Laden’s Letter to America; the paper took it down in November 2023 after it went viral on TikTok. “Alan as an editor was to the right of Kath in his personal opinions,” one former Guardian staffer told Novara Media, “but he was also much more prepared to allow a wide range of different political views and approaches and … more confident as an editor.”

One of the paper’s most committed pro-Israel lobbyists is the Board of Deputies. The Board demanded to meet with Rusbridger within weeks of his appointment, reading him out a list of the Guardian’s recent offences. Its president Henry Grunwald returned in 2006 along with Gerald Ronson of the Community Security Trust to discuss a displeasing piece by then Middle East correspondent Chris McGreal comparing Israel to apartheid South Africa. The piece, Ronson said, was fuelling antisemitic violence. Rusbridger had little patience for his hysteria.

“I’m not sure how you make that causal connection between someone reading an article that is critical of the foreign policy of Israel and then thinking why don’t I go out and mug Jews on the streets of London,” he told openDemocracy in a subsequent interview. “I just can’t believe that happens.”

If Rusbridger’s attitude to the paper’s pro-Israel detractors is distanced scepticism, Viner’s, say colleagues, is ingratiating.

“Kath takes the Board of Deputies very seriously,” said one current Guardian staffer, “[and] read[s] the shit out of the rightwing press.”

The result, they say, is a reactive commissioning strategy focused on appeasement.

While the Guardian mostly consists of an archipelago of autonomous commissioning centres, and while the Guardian US and Australia have their own editors-in-chief (Lenore Taylor in Sydney, Betsy Reed, formerly of The Intercept, in New York), the UK editor tends to exercise considerable oversight of the paper’s global opinion output (news, less so). Since 7 October, Viner has increasingly centralised control.

Controversial op-eds routinely go to the editor-in-chief for sign-off – after 7 October, however, one columnist was told that every opinion piece about Israel and Palestine was to be okayed by Viner. The result is that the Guardian’s comment pages have come to reflect its editor’s susceptibility to criticism.

“We do as many good [opinion] pieces as we ever have [about Palestine],” said one current Guardian staffer, “but at the same time, you know, if we’re taking two steps forward, we’re then always taking one step back.

“It’s come to a point where every time we put out a really good piece, I am 100% certain that within a week, management will get spooked and through some mechanism” – never as explicit as Viner putting a piece on an editor’s desk – “another piece will arise that is the other side of that. … You can just play mix and match on the Guardian website.”

The staffer cites a pair of pieces published in October last year. The first was by the Israeli genocide scholar Raz Segal. The piece, which accused Israel of weaponising the Holocaust, prompted furious and public backlash from the Board of Deputies.

Six days later, the paper published a response from Karen Pollock – head of the Holocaust Educational Trust and a key combatant in Israel’s media war – attacking Segal’s argument with Israel’s favoured talking points, among them the assertion that Hamas “murdered and mutilated babies” – an apparent reference to the 40 beheaded babies claim, which the paper’s own Jerusalem correspondent has condemned as unevidenced – and the notion of Gazans as human shields. Staff with knowledge of the issue strongly suspect Pollock’s article came through Viner; it certainly went to her for sign-off.

“How have we got to the point of placating implacable people?” asked one senior Guardian journalist. “People arguing the toss, in bad faith.”

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Some suggest Viner’s willingness to platform rightwingers like Pollock is understandable. After all, she has witnessed them successfully undermine the most prominent leftwinger in the country, and fears she could be next. “What they did to Corbyn they could do to Kath in a heartbeat,” one senior staff member told Novara Media.

Another long-serving staffer offered a similar explanation: “I think that the editorial leadership has become more cautious and to some degree more gun-shy.

“I think that’s partly because the pro-Israel lobby is more aggressive in the UK than it used to be, and forthright, and partly it’s a legacy of the Corbyn antisemitism issue. I think it also reflects, at times, a lack of confidence in aspects of the leadership.

“That said … I think during this whole Gaza thing … there’s been a real breadth of reporting and opinion that has appeared in the Guardian that hasn’t appeared elsewhere. So to some degree, I think that caution may be wise in the sense, they protect their back from us being skewered over the small things.”

A hostile environment.

It isn’t only external stakeholders Viner is feeling pressured to placate. Guardian journalists who spoke to Novara Media say that 7 October has heightened internal tensions that have been brewing for some time.

In November, one Guardian employee whose partner’s family lives on a southern Israeli kibbutz wrote anonymously in the Jewish News that they felt unsafe working at the paper. In one incident, they recall a colleague mocking an image of a burning Israeli flag. The Jewish News subsequently issued a correction to the piece, adding that the perpetrator was not a staff member but a visiting schoolchild.

The author, subsequently revealed to be Jane Prinsley, later quit as the Guardian’s education officer – a role that includes managing visits from school groups – to work as a reporter at the hard-right pro-Israel Jewish Chronicle.

Nevertheless, the poorly fact-checked piece became the basis of a series of further pieces that prompted Viner to silence one of the paper’s only prominent Black contributors.

Prinsley’s piece was followed by a flurry of articles about the Guardian in the Jewish News, a paper marginally to the left of the Jewish Chronicle but still staunchly supportive of Israel. The coverage focused almost exclusively on one journalist referred to in Prinsley’s piece, though not by name: Chanté Joseph, the Black woman host of the Guardian’s Pop Culture podcast.

Joseph, the Jewish News alleged, had retweeted an X/Twitter account deemed to be “pro-Hamas” for its inclusion of paraglider emojis in its handle. Joseph removed the offending posts and issued an apology – but it was too late. Viner paused Joseph’s podcast and hasn’t returned it since (a Guardian spokesperson confirmed that “Chanté Joseph is the presenter of the Pop Culture podcast, which is currently taking a break”).

Meanwhile, more concerted efforts to apply pressure internally were in motion. Among the paper’s identity-based staff groups – LGBTQ+, Gopoc (Guardian and Observer People of Colour) – is an emergent Jewish group, which came together after 7 October in what some such as Prinsley felt was an increasingly embattled internal environment.

Like the paper’s other staff groups, the Jewish group is an informal association that exists not only to provide a social forum for its members, but also to advance their interests within the paper – in its case, to curb the paper’s anti-Israel excesses and raise awareness about Israel-related antisemitism. In November, the group met with Viner to discuss the paper’s coverage of the war. Since the meeting, Jewish staff group members have circulated a large number of article ideas and pre-written pieces in the hope of catching Viner and the opinion desk’s attention.

One such piece was written by an anonymous student at Oxford University. In it, the student describes an explosion of campus antisemitism, citing the slogan “From the river to the sea” as “a dog-whistle for getting rid of Jews”. It also relates how “an Israeli student whose relatives were murdered at the Nova festival [told] me she felt safer [in Israel] than on campus”.

Staff say they are confused about how the piece made the cut, given its anonymity (the paper does offer anonymous bylines, though rarely on such loaded topics as campus antisemitism, one of the current causes célèbres of the culture war) and weak argumentation. Viner declined to comment on any of the questions put to her by Novara Media, including if she was involved in the decision to commission the piece.

Other groups have found it far harder to get a hearing with the editor-in-chief. In December, Gopoc had its own meeting with Viner to discuss their concerns related to the paper’s coverage of Israel and Palestine, similar to those voiced by Harker in conference. Viner pushed back hard, telling staff to stop griping while reporters on the ground were risking their lives.

The not-so-invisible hand.

Several Guardian journalists who spoke to Novara Media said that no restrictions had been placed on their work when it came to Palestine – in fact, they were surprised by how much latitude they had been given on the subject compared to other similarly hot-button issues within the paper, such as trans issues. There are, however, signs that Viner is restricting her journalists’ freedom – not to insulate Israel from criticism, but to protect herself.

In late November, 270 Australian journalists, including 25 who work for the Guardian Australia, signed an open letter calling on Australian media organisations to report more ethically on the war in Gaza. In response, Viner circulated a memo on 4 December, co-signed by her US and Australian deputies, instructing staff of a change to the paper’s editorial guidelines: Guardian employees were no longer to sign open letters or petitions on any subject (the LA Times had issued a similar instruction two weeks earlier, blocking staff who’d signed a pro-Palestine open letter from reporting for three months).

“Although this may be well-intentioned,” wrote Viner, “unfortunately it can be perceived as a potential conflict of interest that could hamper our ability to report the news in a fair and fact-based way.”

Some staff see the move as prudent given the febrile atmosphere around Israel and Palestine. “Where credibility is constantly attacked by vested interests, it’s probably wise to say, on this, just don’t go signing petitions,” said one long-serving staff member.

Others see it as symptomatic of Viner’s timidity. “The ban on petitions speaks to the degree to which [the paper’s management is] reactive,” said one staff member, “always looking for the next catastrophe rather than making their own way.”

The move seemed to conflict with Viner’s own stated principles: in May last year, she co-signed an open letter by Reporters Without Borders calling for the release of the Hong Kong publisher Jimmy Lai, tweeting: “We must stand up for press freedom.” In February this year, Viner signed another open letter, this one by the Committee to Protect Journalists, expressing solidarity with and demanding protection for Palestinian journalists.

Contradictory as it may seem, staff say the petition ban is in keeping with Viner’s desire to avoid inviting scrutiny of the paper. “I think Kath wants the Guardian to be positioned as inoffensive and mainstream. I think she thinks that anything that’s too committed is reckless,” said another Guardian staffer.

Staff see signs of this in the paper’s decision to spike, with not a hint of irony, an opinion piece by lawyer Dylan Saba about the censorship of pro-Palestine solidarity (he later published it in n+1 magazine). At the time, a spokesperson for the Guardian US told the Daily Beast that Saba’s piece had failed to meet the outlet’s “high standards”. Saba suspected he’d been caught up in the same “new McCarthyist purge” he’d identified.

When Saba, who has both Jewish and Palestinian heritage, called the opinion editor Amana Fontanella-Khan asking that she explain the eleventh-hour decision, she blamed “an editor above my head”. Multiple Guardian journalists told Novara Media Viner was responsible. Viner declined to comment.

Where Viner’s hand appears most acutely visible is in the prolonged silence of Guardian columnist Owen Jones – a thorn in the side of the paper’s management, which has long seen him as a liability. Between 29 November and 13 January, Jones did not write a single piece for the Guardian about Palestine, despite it being the primary focus of his journalism outside of the paper.

These two facts appear connected: Jones’s abrupt silence began shortly after he published a video on his independent YouTube channel reviewing the IDF’s invitation-only screening of footage of the 7 October attack. Jones’s video attracted widespread opprobrium, notably from ex-Guardian columnist Hadley Freeman, who wrote a scathing attack on her former colleague in the Jewish Chronicle, insisting that Jones “isn’t a journalist” but a “propagandist”. Within the Guardian, meanwhile, columnist Gaby Hinsliff wrote her own thinly veiled attack on Jones.

“The response to Jews posting about [Hamas raping Israeli women] on X this week has ranged from casual whataboutery to a gruesome variant of the ‘pics or it didn’t happen’ school of online scepticism,” Hinsliff wrote, “questioning why there aren’t any actual live rapes visible on that grisly compilation of atrocities the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) are currently screening to select opinion formers.” Several Guardian journalists suggested to Novara Media that Hinsliff and others’ circulation of the piece on X/Twitter breached the paper’s social media guidelines, which “strongly discourage[s] the use of social media to air any form of internal disputes with colleagues”.

Around the same time, Jones began to distance himself from the Guardian. He removed the paper from his X/Twitter bio and added a disclaimer to his YouTube channel: “This is my independent channel, unaffiliated to any media organisation,” it read. A few weeks later, Jones opened his column about the persecution of climate activists with a general observation: “Injustice is easy to oppose after it has receded into the past, and there is no cost to imagining yourself as a hero long after the event.”

“I think @OwenJones84 is trying to sneak a message past his censors,” Alex Nunns, Corbyn’s biographer and former speechwriter, speculated on X/Twitter. Asked if she ever prevented Jones from writing about Palestine, Viner declined to comment.

Reflecting on his own censorship by the paper, Dylan Saba suggested that the Guardian’s approach is condemnable, though perhaps unexceptional. “What’s interesting about my experience of working with the Guardian is it’s broadly indicative of the pressures that a lot of institutions are under right now,” he told Novara Media.

“People in positions of power are getting directly lobbied by donors or other powerful people in their networks to water down their scrutiny of Israel, whereas most of the rank and file is willing to speak out.”

Last week, Viner returned from a brief trip to Palestine and Israel (editors often visit the bureau: Rusbridger did three times during his tenure, as well as holding a conference with Israeli and Palestinian, Sinn Fein and unionist politicians). Described to Novara Media as a “fact-finding mission” by one Guardian staffer with knowledge of the trip, Viner’s itinerary included sites such as Nir Oz, one of the kibbutzim raided by Hamas on 7 October, and Masafer Yatta, a Palestinian enclave in the West Bank and key target of Israel’s illegal occupation.

Last Saturday, Viner began her weekly Saturday Edition newsletter with a write-up of her trip, making scrupulous use of the passive voice to avoid attributing blame to Israel (“citizens trapped and terrified”, “another grim milestone was reached”, “30,000 people in Gaza have been killed”) while condemning the “horrific Hamas attack on 7 October”.

“I’ve been visiting the region since the 1990s,” Viner wrote. “And I have never felt more committed to investing in Guardian reporting from the region, telling the human stories from the ground.”

Colleagues at the Guardian don’t doubt her sincerity. “Is she a passionate Zionist?” said one. “Of course she isn’t. It’s that she’s sacrificing her convictions because she hates being criticised.

“If there’s one big moment for the Guardian to say ‘This is why we’re here,’ this is it. And Kath is letting it pass us by.”

“Periods of instability make institutions conservative,” Saba told Novara Media. “that’s certainly what we’re seeing in the media sphere. But what we as leftists need to remind institutions – particularly where we have leverage such as with the Guardian, which prides itself on its independence and on being a leftwing or at least progressive voice – is that conservatism, failing to stand up for what’s right and condemn Israel’s actions, will have costs of its own.”

“I think it is a good idea for us all to drop everything and devote our lives to making this stop. I don’t think it’s an extremist thing to do anymore,” wrote Rachel Corrie in an email to her mother Cindy. “That quote is a perfect example of what Kath doesn’t embody anymore,” one senior Guardian journalist told Novara Media. “There’s no sense that what’s happening [in Gaza] is an atrocity and we need to stop it.”

A spokesperson for the Guardian said:

“The Guardian’s extensive reporting since October 7 has been driven by our journalists working on the ground across the Middle East, most of whom have deep experience of the region. Their expertise has provided our readers with coverage of unrivalled rigour and depth, highlighting the human cost above all.

“Our opinion section has featured a wide range of perspectives, including more progressive voices than any other mainstream news organisation, while the Guardian’s editorial leader line has been consistently clear in condemning the appalling violence and calling for an immediate ceasefire and the release of the hostages.”

https://www.jewishvoiceforlabour.org.uk/article/guardians-editor-in-chief-caves-to-pro-israel-pressure/

woensdag 13 maart 2024

CNN staff say network’s pro-Israel slant amounts to ‘journalistic malpractice’

 




 This article is more than 1 month old

This article is more than 1 month old


CNN staff say network’s pro-Israel slant amounts to ‘journalistic malpractice’


Insiders say pressure from the top results in credulous reporting of Israeli claims and silencing of Palestinian perspectives

CNN is facing a backlash from its own staff over editorial policies they say have led to a regurgitation of Israeli propaganda and the censoring of Palestinian perspectives in the network’s coverage of the war in Gaza.

Journalists in CNN newsrooms in the US and overseas say broadcasts have been skewed by management edicts and a story-approval process that has resulted in highly partial coverage of the Hamas massacre on 7 October and Israel’s retaliatory attack on Gaza.

“The majority of news since the war began, regardless of how accurate the initial reporting, has been skewed by a systemic and institutional bias within the network toward Israel,” said one CNN staffer. “Ultimately, CNN’s coverage of the Israel-Gaza war amounts to journalistic malpractice.”

According to accounts from six CNN staffers in multiple newsrooms, and more than a dozen internal memos and emails obtained by the Guardian, daily news decisions are shaped by a flow of directives from the CNN headquarters in Atlanta that have set strict guidelines on coverage.

They include tight restrictions on quoting Hamas and reporting other Palestinian perspectives while Israel government statements are taken at face value. In addition, every story on the conflict must be cleared by the Jerusalem bureau before broadcast or publication.

CNN journalists say the tone of coverage is set at the top by its new editor-in-chief and CEO, Mark Thompson, who took up his post two days after the 7 October Hamas attack. Some staff are concerned about Thompson’s willingness to withstand external attempts to influence coverage given that in a former role as the BBC’s director general he was accused of bowing to Israeli government pressure on a number of occasions, including a demand to remove one of the corporation’s most prominent correspondents from her post in Jerusalem in 2005.

Mark Thompson. Photograph: Kirsty Wigglesworth/AP

CNN insiders say that has resulted, particularly in the early weeks of the war, in a greater focus on Israeli suffering and the Israeli narrative of the war as a hunt for Hamas and its tunnels, and an insufficient focus on the scale of Palestinian civilian deaths and destruction in Gaza.

One journalist described a “schism” within the network over coverage they said was at times reminiscent of the cheerleading that followed 9/11.

“There’s a lot of internal strife and dissent. Some people are looking to get out,” they said.

Another journalist in a different bureau said that they too saw pushback.

“Senior staffers who disagree with the status quo are butting heads with the executives giving orders, questioning how we can effectively tell the story with such restrictive directives in place,” they said.

“Many have been pushing for more content from Gaza to be alerted and aired. By the time these reports go through Jerusalem and make it to TV or the homepage, critical changes – from the introduction of imprecise language to an ignorance of crucial stories – ensure that nearly every report, no matter how damning, relieves Israel of wrongdoing.”

CNN staff say that some journalists with experience of reporting the conflict and region have avoided assignments in Israel because they do not believe they will be free to tell the whole story. Others speculate that they are being kept away by senior editors.

“It is clear that some who don’t belong are covering the war and some who do belong aren’t,” said one insider.

Edicts from on high

At Thompson’s first editorial meeting, two days after the 7 October Hamas attack, the new network chief described CNN’s coverage of the rapidly moving story as “basically great”.

Thompson then said he wanted viewers to understand what Hamas is, what it stands for and what it was trying to achieve with the attack. Some of those listening thought that a laudable journalistic goal. But they said that in time it became clear he had more specific expectations for how journalists should cover the group.

In late October, as the Palestinian death toll rose sharply from Israeli bombing with more than 2,700 children killed according to the Gaza health ministry, and as Israel prepared for its ground invasion, a set of guidelines landed in CNN staff inboxes.

Palestinians mourn their loved ones in Deir Al-Balah, Gaza, on 31 October 2023. Photograph: Ashraf Amra/Anadolu via Getty Images

A note at the top of the two-page memo pointed to an instruction “from Mark” to pay attention to a particular paragraph under “coverage guidance”. The paragraph said that, while CNN would report the human consequences of the Israeli assault and the historical context of the story, “we must continue always to remind our audiences of the immediate cause of this current conflict, namely the Hamas attack and mass murder and kidnap of civilians”. (Italics in the original.)

CNN staff members said the memo solidified a framework for stories in which the Hamas massacre was used to implicitly justify Israeli actions, and that other context or history was often unwelcome or marginalised.

“How else are editors going to read that other than as an instruction that no matter what the Israelis do, Hamas is ultimately to blame? Every action by Israel – dropping massive bombs that wipe out entire streets, its obliteration of whole families – the coverage ends up massaged to create a ‘they had it coming’ narrative,” said one staffer.

The same memo said that any reference to casualty figures from the Gaza health ministry must say it is “Hamas-controlled”, implying that reports of the deaths of thousands of children were unreliable even though the World Health Organization and other international bodies have said they are largely accurate. CNN staff said that edict was laid down by Thompson at an earlier editorial meeting.

Broader oversight of coverage from the CNN headquarters in Atlanta is directed by “the Triad” of three CNN departments: news standards and practices, legal and fact-checking.

CNN’s headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2019. Photograph: Raymond Boyd/Getty Images

David Lindsay, the senior director of news standards and practices, issued a directive in early November effectively barring the reporting of most Hamas statements, characterising them as “inflammatory rhetoric and propaganda”.

“Most of it has been said many times before and is not newsworthy. We should be careful not to give it a platform,” he wrote.

Lindsay said that if a statement was deemed editorially relevant “we can use it if it’s accompanied by greater context, preferably a package or digital write. Let’s avoid running it as a standalone soundbite or quote.”

In contrast, one CNN staffer noted that the network repeatedly aired inflammatory rhetoric and propaganda from Israeli officials and American supporters, often without challenge in interviews.

They noted that other channels have carried interviews with Hamas leaders while CNN has not, including one in which the group’s spokesman, Ghazi Hamad, cut short questions from the BBC when he was challenged about the murder of Israeli civilians. One staffer said there is a view among correspondents that it is “agony to get a Hamas interview past the Triad”.

Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh in Qatar, Doha, on 20 December 2023. Photograph: Iranian Foreign Ministry/ZUMA Press Wire/REX/Shutterstock

CNN sources acknowledged there have been no interviews with Hamas since the 7 October attack, but said the network does not have a ban on such interviews.

But CNN news desks and reporters have been instructed not to use video recorded by Hamas “under any circumstances unless cleared by the Triad and senior editorial leadership”.

That position was reiterated in another instruction on 23 October that reports must not show Hamas recordings of the release of two Israeli hostages, Nurit Cooper and Yocheved Lifshitz. Two days later, Lindsay sent an additional instruction that video of the 85-year-old Lifshitz shaking hands with one of her captors “can only to be used when specifically writing about her decision to shake hands with her captor”.

Yocheved Lifshitz, who was held hostage in Gaza after Hamas’s 7 October attack, speaks in Tel Aviv on 24 October 2023, a day after being released. Photograph: Ariel Schalit/AP

In addition to the edicts from Atlanta, CNN has a longstanding policy that all copy on the Israel-Palestine situation must be approved for broadcast or publication by the Jerusalem bureau. In July, the network created a process it called “SecondEyes” to speed up those approvals.

The Jerusalem bureau chief, Richard Greene, told staff in a memo announcing SecondEyes – first reported by the Intercept – that, because coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is subject to close scrutiny by partisans on both sides, the measure was created as a “safety net so we don’t use imprecise language or words that may sound impartial but can have coded meanings here”.

CNN staffers said there is nothing inherently wrong with the requirement given the huge sensitivity of covering Israel and Palestine, and the aggressive nature of Israeli authorities and well-organised pro-Israel groups in seeking to influence coverage. But some feel that a measure that was originally intended to maintain standards has become a tool of self-censorship to avoid controversy.

One result of SecondEyes is that Israeli official statements are often quickly cleared and make it on air on the principle that that they are to be trusted at face value, seemingly rubber-stamped for broadcast, while statements and claims from Palestinians, and not just Hamas, are delayed or never reported.

One CNN staffer said edits by SecondEyes often seemed aimed at avoiding criticism from pro-Israel groups. They gave the example of Greene’s intervention to change a headline, “Israel is nowhere near destroying Hamas” – a perspective widely reflected in the foreign and Israeli press. It was replaced with a headline that shifted the focus from whether Israel could achieve its stated justification for killing thousands of Palestinian civilians: “Three months on, Israel is entering a new phase of the war. Is it still trying to ‘destroy’ Hamas?”

Some CNN staff fear that the result is a network acting as a surrogate censor on behalf of the Israeli government.

“The system results in chosen individuals editing any and all reporting with an institutionalised pro-Israel bias, often using passive language to absolve the [Israel Defense Forces] of responsibility, and playing down Palestinian deaths and Israeli attacks,” said one of the network’s journalists.

CNN staff who spoke to the Guardian were quick to praise thorough and hard-hitting reporting by correspondents on the ground. They said those reports are often given prominence on CNN International, seen outside the US. But on the CNN channel available in the US, they are frequently less visible and at times marginalised by hours of interviews with Israeli officials and supporters of the war in Gaza who were given free rein to make their case, often unchallenged and sometimes with presenters making supportive statements. Meanwhile, Palestinian voices and views were far less frequently heard and more rigorously challenged.

One staffer pointed to the appearance of Rami Igra, a former senior official in the Israeli intelligence service, on Anderson Cooper’s show, where he claimed that the entire Palestinian population of Gaza could be regarded as combatants.

Anderson Cooper before the start of a Republican presidential debate in Des Moines, Iowa, on 10 January. Photograph: Andrew Harnik/AP

“The non-combatant population in the Gaza Strip is really a nonexistent term because all of the Gazans voted for the Hamas and as we have seen on the 7th of October, most of the population in the Gaza Strip are Hamas,” he said.

“Nonetheless, we are treating them as non-combatants, we are treating them as regular civilians, and they are spared from the fighting.”

Cooper did not challenge him on either point. By the time the interview aired on 19 November, more than 13,000 people had been killed in Gaza, most of them civilians.

Another CNN staffer picked out anchor Jake Tapper’s programme as an example of an anchor too closely identifying with one side while the other gets only a restricted look in. In one segment, Tapper acknowledged the death and suffering of innocent Palestinians in Gaza but appeared to defend the scale of the Israeli attack on Gaza.

“What exactly did Hamas think the Israeli military would do in response to that?” he said, referring to the attack on 7 October.

A CNN spokesperson said: “We absolutely reject the notion that any of our journalists treat Israeli officials differently to other officials.”

Another presenter, Sara Sidner, drew criticism for her excitable report on unverified Israeli claims that Hamas beheaded dozens of babies on 7 October.

“We have some really disturbing new information out of Israel,” she announced four days after the attack.

Sara Sidner in New York on 10 December 2023. Photograph: Evan Agostini/Invision/AP

“The Israeli prime minister’s spokesman just confirmed, babies and toddlers were found with their heads decapitated in Kfar Aza in southern Israel after Hamas attacks in the kibbutz over the weekend. That has been confirmed by the prime minister’s office.”

Sidner called the claim “beyond devastating”.

“For the families listening, for the people of Israel, for anyone that is a parent, who loves children, I don’t know how they get through this,” she said.

Sidner then put it to a CNN reporter in Jerusalem, Hadas Gold, that the decapitation of babies would make it impossible for Israel to make peace with Hamas.

Gold replied: “How can you when you’re dealing with people who would do such atrocities to children, to babies, to toddlers?”

Gold, who was part of the SecondEyes team approving stories, again said the report had been confirmed by Netanyahu’s office and she drew parallels with the Holocaust. She responded to a Hamas denial that it had decapitated babies as unbelievable “when we literally have video of these guys, of these militants, of these terrorists doing exactly what they say they’re not doing to civilians and to children”.

Except, as a CNN journalist pointed out, the network did not have such video and, apparently, neither did anyone else.

Hadas Gold in Lisbon, Portugal, in 2019. Photograph: Eóin Noonan/Sportsfile for Web Summit/Getty Images

“The problem was that yet again the Israeli government’s version of events was promoted in an emotional way with very little scrutiny by someone who is supposed to be a neutral news presenter,” they said.

By the time of Sidner’s broadcast there were already good reasons for CNN to treat the claims with caution.

Israeli journalists who toured Kfar Aza the day before said they had seen no evidence of such a crime and military officials there had made no mention of it. Instead, Tim Langmaid, the Atlanta-based CNN vice-president and senior editorial director, sent an instruction that President Biden’s claims to have seen pictures of the alleged atrocity “back up what the Israeli government said”.

Even as the questions grew, Langmaid sent out a memo saying: “It is important to cover the atrocities of the Hamas attacks and war as we learn them.”

CNN insiders said senior editors should have treated the story with caution from the beginning because the Israeli military has a track record of false or exaggerated claims that subsequently fall apart.

Other networks, such as Sky News, were considerably more sceptical in their reporting and laid out the tenuous origins of the story, which began with a reporter for an Israeli news channel saying soldiers had told her that 40 children had been killed in the Hamas massacre and that one soldier had said he had seen “bodies of babies with their heads cut off”. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) then used the claim to liken Hamas to the Islamic State.

Damaged houses are marked off with tape in the Kfar Aza kibbutz, Israel, on 14 January. Photograph: Amir Cohen/Reuters

Even after the White House admitted that neither the president nor his officials had themselves seen pictures of beheaded babies, and that they had been relying on Israeli claims, Langmaid told the newsroom it could still report the Israeli government assertions alongside a denial from Hamas.

CNN did report on the rolling back of the claims as Israeli officials backtracked, but one staffer said that by then the damage had been done, describing the coverage as a failure of journalism.

“The infamous ‘beheaded babies’ claim, attributed to the Israeli government, made it to air for roughly 18 hours – even after the White House walked back on Biden’s statement that he had seen the nonexistent photos. CNN had no access to photographic evidence, nor any ability to independently verify these claims,” they said.

A CNN spokesperson said the network accurately reported what was being said at the time.

“We took great care to attribute these claims across our reporting, and we also issued very specific guidance to this effect,” they said.

Some CNN staff raised similar issues with reporting on Hamas tunnels in Gaza and claims they led to a sprawling command centre under al-Shifa hospital.

Insiders say some journalists have pushed back against the restrictions. One pointed to Jomana Karadsheh, a London-based correspondent with a long history of reporting from the Middle East.

“Jomana has really pushed to shine a spotlight on the Palestinian victims of this war and she has had some success. She’s done some really important stories putting a human face on it all and in looking at Israeli actions and intent. But I don’t think it’s been easy for her. These stories don’t get the prominence they deserve,” one said.

CNN producer Jomana Karadsheh in Tripoli, Libya, on 24 August 2011. Photograph: Paul Hackett/Reuters

The push for more balanced coverage has been complicated by Israel’s block on foreign journalists entering Gaza except under IDF control and subject to censorship. That has helped keep the full impact of the war on Palestinians off of CNN and other channels while ensuring that there is a continued focus on the Israeli perspective.

A CNN spokesperson rejected allegations of bias.

“Our reporting has confronted Israel’s response to the attacks, including some of our most detailed and high-profile investigations, interviews and reports,” they said.

CNN faced similar accusations of partiality in the wake of the 9/11 attacks in 2001 when the network’s chair, Walter Isaacson, ordered that reports on the killing of Afghan civilians by US forces be balanced with condemnation of the Taliban for its links to al-Qaida.

“As we get good reports from Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, we must redouble our efforts to make sure we do not seem to be simply reporting from their vantage or perspective. We must talk about how the Taliban are using civilian shields and how the Taliban have harbored the terrorists responsible for killing close to 5,000 innocent people,” he wrote in a memo, according to the Washington Post.

Some staffers say that after the first few weeks in which CNN reported the Hamas attack “like it was 9/11”, more space was made for the Palestinian perspective given the escalating death toll and destruction from Israel’s retaliatory attack on Gaza.

The only foreign journalist to report from Gaza without an Israeli escort has been CNN’s Clarissa Ward, who entered for two hours with a humanitarian team from the United Arab Emirates.

Ward acknowledged the challenges in the Washington Post last week. She wrote that her reporting from Israel allowed her “to create a vivid picture of the monstrosities of Oct 7” but she was being prevented from conveying a fuller picture of the tragedy unfolding in Gaza because of the Israeli block on foreign journalists, putting the burden solely on a limited number of courageous Palestinian reporters who are being killed in disproportionate numbers.

“We must now be able to report on the horrific death and destruction being meted out in Gaza in the same way – on the ground, independently – amid one of the most intense bombardments in the history of modern warfare,” she wrote.

“The response to our report on Gaza in Israeli media suggests an unspoken reason for denying access. When asked on air about our piece, one reporter from the Israeli Channel 13 replied, ‘If indeed Western reporters begin to enter Gaza, this will for sure be a big headache for Israel and Israeli hasbara.’ Hasbara is a Hebrew word for pro-Israel advocacy.”

Clarissa Ward, CNN’s chief international correspondent, at an event in New York on 19 September 2023. Photograph: John Lamparski/Getty Images for Concordia Summit

Some at CNN fear that its coverage of the latest Gaza war is damaging a reputation built up by its reporting of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which led to a surge in viewers. But others say that the Ukraine war may be part of the problem because editorial standards grew lax as the network and many of its journalists identified clearly with one side – Ukraine – particularly at the beginning of the conflict.

One CNN staffer said that Ukraine coverage set a dangerous precedent that has come back to haunt the network because the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is far more divisive and views are much more deeply entrenched.

“The complacency in our editorial standards and journalistic integrity while reporting on Ukraine has come back to haunt us. Only this time, the stakes are higher and the consequences much more severe. Journalistic complacency is an easier pill for the world to swallow when it’s Arab lives lost instead of European,” they said.

Another CNN employee said the double standards are glaring.

“It’s OK for us to be embedded with the IDF, producing reports censored by the army, but we cannot talk to the organisation that won a majority of the votes in Gaza whether we like it or not. CNN viewers are being prevented from hearing from a central player in this story,” they said.

“It is not journalism to say we won’t talk to someone because we don’t like what they do. CNN has talked to plenty of terrorists and America’s enemies over the years. We’ve interviewed Muammar Gaddafi. We’ve even interviewed Osama bin Laden. So what’s different this time?”

Years of pressure

Journalists working at CNN have varied explanations.

Some say the problem is rooted in years of pressure from the Israeli government and allied groups in the US combined with a fear of losing advertising.

During the battle for narrative through the second Palestinian intifada in the early 2000s, Israel’s then communications minister, Reuven Rivlin, called CNN ‘‘evil, biased and unbalanced”. The Jerusalem Post likened the network’s correspondent in the city, Sheila MacVicar, to “the woman who refilled the toilet paper in the Goebbels’ commode”.

Then Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon, right, talks with Maj Gen Yoav Gallant, center, and Reuven Rivlin, left, in Jerusalem on 14 October 2004. Photograph: Muhammed Muheisen/AP

CNN’s founder, Ted Turner, caused a storm when he told the Guardian in 2002 that Israel was engaging in terrorism against the Palestinians.

“The Palestinians are fighting with human suicide bombers, that’s all they have. The Israelis … they’ve got one of the most powerful military machines in the world. The Palestinians have nothing. So who are the terrorists? I would make a case that both sides are involved in terrorism,” said Turner, who was then the vice-chairman of AOL Time Warner, which owned CNN.

The resulting storm of protest resulted in threats to the network’s revenue, including moves by Israeli cable television companies to supplant the network with Fox News.

Ted Turner in Anaheim, California, in 1995. Photograph: Kevork Djansezian/Associated Press

CNN’s chair, Walter Isaacson, appeared on Israeli television to denounce Turner but that did not stem the criticism. The network’s then chief news executive, Eason Jordan, imposed a new rule that CNN would no longer show statements by suicide bombers or interview their relatives, and flew to Israel to quell the political storm.

CNN also began broadcasting a series about the victims of Palestinian suicide bombers. The network insisted that the move was not a response to pressure but some of its journalists were sceptical. CNN did not produce a similar series with the relatives of innocent Palestinians killed by Israel in bombings.

By 2021, the Columbia Journalism Review public editor for CNN, Ariana Pekary, accused the network of excluding Palestinian voices and historical context from coverage.

Thompson has his own battle scars from dealing with Israeli officials when he was director general of the BBC two decades ago.

In the spring of 2005, the BBC was embroiled in a very public row over an interview with the Israeli nuclear whistleblower Mordechai Vanunu, who was released from prison the year before.

Mordechai Vanunu leaves Shikmain prison in Ashkelon, Israel, on 21 April 2004. Photograph: Uriel Sinai/Getty Images

The Israeli authorities barred Vanunu from giving interviews. When a BBC documentary team spoke to him and then smuggled the footage out of Israel, the authorities reacted by effectively expelling the acting head of the BBC’s Jerusalem bureau, Simon Wilson, who was not involved in the interview.

The dispute rolled on for months before the BBC eventually bowed to an Israeli demand that Wilson write a letter of apology before he could return to Jerusalem. The letter, which included a commitment to “obey the regulations in the future”, was to have remained confidential but the BBC unintentionally posted details online before removing them a few hours later. The climbdown angered some BBC journalists who were enduring persistent pressure and abuse for their coverage.

Later that year, Thompson visited Jerusalem and met the Israeli prime minister, Ariel Sharon, in an effort to improve relations after other incidents.

Pro-Palestinian protesters outside CNN’s office in Washington DC on 17 December 2023. Photograph: Probal Rashid/LightRocket via Getty Images

The Israeli government was particularly unhappy with the BBC’s highly experienced Jerusalem correspondent, Orla Guerin. The Israeli minister for diaspora affairs at the time, Natan Sharansky, accused her of antisemitism and “total identification with the goals and methods of the Palestinian terror groups” after a report by Guerin about the arrest of a 16-year-old Palestinian boy carrying explosives. She accused Israeli officials of turning the arrest into a propaganda opportunity because they “paraded the child in front of the international media” after forcing him to wait at a checkpoint for the arrival of photographers.

Within days of Thompson’s meeting with Sharon, the BBC announced that Guerin would be leaving Jerusalem. At the time, Thompson’s office denied he acted under pressure from Israel and said that Guerin had completed a longer than usual posting.